Importance of Accountability - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1078 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? 11/SEP/2010 Importance of Accountability The importance of accountability, are being on time and in the right uniform. The main reason we have formations and that we are trying to keep account of personnel to know where everybody is at, at all times. I have learned in the past years that I have been in that being on time is the most important thing that you need to do. For one the accountability of personnel is major, it plays a big role in the deployment and the readiness of soldiers. I would have to say that I was wrong for not showing up at my appointed place of duty I should have gotten up and made it to the swimming pool. But in all things that have been done I have seen that accountability is the most important asset here for work. In doing so it makes sure that everybody is on the same page at the same time in order to do that you have to follow orders that were given to you. I may have made mistakes but the army also teaches us that we are a family and if anything stick together and help the other person out if you see that there is something wrong or them not getting up for formations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Importance of Accountability" essay for you Create order Well it has been a hard time her e but in all aspect of things I have learned that the account of people is very high because if one person is gone it could mess up and crew or any team that plays a big role into this deployment. I never understood what the role was till my first deployment but you have to always be prepared for the worst in everything that you do. I have to realize that it’s not just me that’s here it’s a whole brigade that makes moves and make things happen. Like I know that I should have been on time and that I should have showed up. So yes I take the fault for that but I still see that in the long run we all have to stick together in order for things to happen in the right way. For me being late I will make sure for now on that I am not late to any place I need to be I will be up way before time. I know I may have a sleep issue but I have to be like everybody else and make sure that it’s not affecting me at work. I am on the right path right now and don’t need to be messing up because it would leave me into the wrong path and I would end up getting in more trouble for not being on the right track. I have learned that the army is all about making the right choices and doing the right thing so if anything makes sure that you are always doing what is right. I for one have been late a few times and now I have to make sure that I take care of that so that I can keep my rank and not lose anything. The right thing for me to do is I will make sure that I have an alarm clock set for the time I need to be up and to better myself to get up as soon as it goes off. Then I will make sure that I am getting a good amount of sleep so that I can get up on time and not be late or dragging while I am at work. I have done so well I just need to be more attentive in what I am doing and make sure that I have my things in order and that I am prepared for everything that comes my way. It’s time to set aside the differences have against me and be a leader by example if people see me showing up whenever they will do the same thing. So now I have to make sure that I lead by example and not by sub standards because in the long wrong I will be in charge of soldiers and don’t want them to think that they can just show up whenever or talk to NCO’S any way they want. Which brings me to my last part respect in order for soldiers to want to respect anybody you have to show that you are contributing to the work that is going and not just sitting there trying to use people. That’s one thing about leadership is that when you have the worth ethic and people see you work they will help you out with no problems. But what I have seen and recognized is that everybody is just trying to do for them it doesn’t work like that and which will lead to poor accountability. Now I know I have been late but I have also had more time to correct myself but I keep fallen short this will no longer happen. I am aware of my short comings and I will be fixing them as fast as I can but just have fallen short a little bit. In closure always make sure that you are in the right place at the right time, this will prevent anything negative from happening. The way you work is also the way soldiers will look at you if you aren’t doing anything and you are lazy people will look at you like you are a joke. All I have to say is we are a team and me slipping is wrong but should have had a battle buddy right there to pick me up and make sure that I was there on time. But I can’t blame them because it also falls on me and maintaining me and getting the adequate amount of sleep. I just want to say I am here for the long haul and I will do everything in my powers to better myself and other soldiers around me no matter what is going on. I have notice that I have a lot of soldiers that look up to me so I need to lead by example and lead them to success and not failure. I, showing up late lead them into the wrong way but I will have that in check. This is the importance of accountability. PV2 CLAY, CHRISTOPHER S SSA TURN-IN

Owen’s Poems Reveal Tenderness and Compassion - 709 Words

Owen’s poems reveal tenderness and compassion towards those whose lives have been destroyed by the war. Discuss. Owen, in his war poetry reveals the awful reality of war and its effect on the young men involved. Given that these men are suffering in treacherous conditions, Owen expresses empathy towards the wretched soldiers who are fighting in a battle which they have little hope of surviving. Owen discloses his sympathy towards these young men by revealing the harsh conditions they live in and exposing their suffering both physical and mental. He exposes the reality of the war in an attempt to reveal the lives shattered to the unknowing public who do not know the true war conditions. Owen at times shows the brutal reality of the war†¦show more content†¦We are forced to empathise with the inescapable suffering of the men. We are shown the potential friendship and camaraderie in â€Å"Strange Meeting† where the soldier sees his enemy and tells him â€Å"Strange friend†¦here is no cause to mourn† revealing how even though they are fighting against each other, there is nothing preventing them from becoming friends. Even on their return home the soldiers do not have a hero’s welcome instead they are shunned and isolated from normal life by civilians. The rawness of a life wasted is revealed in â€Å"Disabled.† The disabled soldier looks back at his former life and aspirations and realised how superficially he understood war and life. Owen makes us feel his suffering as he is ignored and isolated. Young girls avoid him and he feels â€Å"now he will never feel again how slim girls’ waists are† The young man realises that his appearance and the fact that he is a cripple for life has locked him out of involvement with women. We are made to feel his pain when he describes how â€Å"half his timeline lapsed in the hot race† when really his life is really just about to begin. He describes how before the war he liked â€Å"a blood-smear down his leg†¦[and being] carried shoulder high.

Digital Fortress Chapter 110-114 Free Essays

string(20) " be some other way\." Chapter 110 Jabba stared blankly at the printout Soshi had just handed him. Pale, he wiped his forehead on his sleeve. â€Å"Director, we have no choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Fortress Chapter 110-114 or any similar topic only for you Order Now We’ve got to kill power to the databank.† â€Å"Unacceptable,† Fontaine replied. â€Å"The results would be devastating.† Jabba knew the director was right. There were over three thousand ISDN connections tying into the NSA databank from all over the world. Every day military commanders accessed up-to-the-instant satellite photos of enemy movement. Lockheed engineers downloaded compartmentalized blueprints of new weaponry. Field operatives accessed mission updates. The NSA databank was the backbone of thousands of U.S. government operations. Shutting it down without warning would cause life-and-death intelligence blackouts all over the globe. â€Å"I’m aware of the implications, sir,† Jabba said, â€Å"but we have no choice.† â€Å"Explain yourself,† Fontaine ordered. He shot a quick glance at Susan standing beside him on the podium. She seemed miles away. Jabba took a deep breath and wiped his brow again. From the look on his face, it was clear to the group on the podium that they were not going to like what he had to say. â€Å"This worm,† Jabba began. â€Å"This worm is not an ordinary degenerative cycle. It’s a selective cycle. In other words, it’s a worm with taste.† Brinkerhoff opened his mouth to speak, but Fontaine waved him off. â€Å"Most destructive applications wipe a databank clean, â€Å"Jabba continued, â€Å"but this one is more complex. It deletes only those files that fall within certain parameters.† â€Å"You mean it won’t attack the whole databank?† Brinkerhoff asked hopefully. â€Å"That’s good, right?† â€Å"No!† Jabba exploded. â€Å"It’s bad! It’s very fucking bad!† â€Å"Cool it!† Fontaine ordered. â€Å"What parameters is this worm looking for? Military? Covert ops?† Jabba shook his head. He eyed Susan, who was still distant, and then Jabba’s eyes rose to meet the director’s. â€Å"Sir, as you know, anyone who wants to tie into this databank from the outside has to pass a series of security gates before they’re admitted.† Fontaine nodded. The databank’s access hierarchies were brilliantly conceived; authorized personnel could dial in via the Internet and World Wide Web. Depending on their authorization sequence, they were permitted access to their own compartmentalized zones. â€Å"Because we’re tied to the global Internet, â€Å"Jabba explained, â€Å"hackers, foreign governments, and EFF sharks circle this databank twenty-four hours a day and try to break in.† â€Å"Yes,† Fontaine said, â€Å"and twenty-four hours a day, our security filters keep them out. What’s your point?† Jabba gazed down at the printout. â€Å"My point is this. Tankado’s worm is not targeting our data.† He cleared his throat. â€Å"It’s targeting our security filters.† Fontaine blanched. Apparently he understood the implications-this worm was targeting the filters that kept the NSA databank confidential. Without filters, all of the information in the databank would become accessible to everyone on the outside. â€Å"We need to shut down,† Jabba repeated. â€Å"In about an hour, every third grader with a modem is going to have top U.S. security clearance.† Fontaine stood a long moment without saying a word. Jabba waited impatiently and finally turned to Soshi. â€Å"Soshi! VR! NOW!† Soshi dashed off. Jabba relied on VR often. In most computer circles, VR meant â€Å"virtual reality,† but at the NSA it meant vis-rep-visual representation. In a world full of technicians and politicians all having different levels of technical understanding, a graphic representation was often the only way to make a point; a single plummeting graph usually aroused ten times the reaction inspired by volumes of spreadsheets. Jabba knew a VR of the current crisis would make its point instantly. â€Å"VR!† Soshi yelled from a terminal at the back of the room. A computer-generated diagram flashed to life on the wall before them. Susan gazed up absently, detached from the madness around her. Everyone in the room followed Jabba’s gaze to the screen. The diagram before them resembled a bull’s-eye. In the center was a red circle marked data. Around the center were five concentric circles of differing thickness and color. The outermost circle was faded, almost transparent. â€Å"We’ve got a five-tier level of defense,† Jabba explained. â€Å"A primary Bastion Host, two sets of packet filters for FTP and X-eleven, a tunnel block, and finally a PEM-based authorization window right off the Truffle project. The outside shield that’s disappearing represents the exposed host. It’s practically gone. Within the hour, all five shields will follow. After that, the world pours in. Every byte of NSA data becomes public domain.† Fontaine studied the VR, his eyes smoldering. Brinkerhoff let out a weak whimper. â€Å"This worm can open our databank to the world?† â€Å"Child’s play for Tankado,† Jabba snapped. â€Å"Gauntlet was our fail-safe. Strathmore blew it.† â€Å"It’s an act of war,† Fontaine whispered, an edge in his voice. Jabba shook his head. â€Å"I really doubt Tankado ever meant for it to go this far. I suspect he intended to be around to stop it.† Fontaine gazed up at the screen and watched the first of the five walls disappear entirely. â€Å"Bastion Host is toast!† a technician yelled from the back of the room. â€Å"Second shield’s exposed!† â€Å"We’ve got to start shutting down,† Jabba urged. â€Å"From the looks of the VR, we’ve got about forty-five minutes. Shutdown is a complex process.† It was true. The NSA databank had been constructed in such a way as to ensure it would never lose power-accidentally or if attacked. Multiple fail-safes for phone and power were buried in reinforced steel canisters deep underground, and in addition to the feeds from within the NSA complex, there were multiple backups off main public grids. Shutting down involved a complex series of confirmations and protocols-significantly more complicated than the average nuclear submarine missile launch. â€Å"We have time,† Jabba said, â€Å"if we hurry. Manual shutdown should take about thirty minutes.† Fontaine continued staring up at the VR, apparently pondering his options. â€Å"Director!† Jabba exploded. â€Å"When these firewalls fall, every user on the planet will be issued top-security clearance! And I’m talking upper level! Records of covert ops! Overseas agents! Names and locations of everyone in the federal witness protection program! Launch code confirmations! We must shut down! Now!† The director seemed unmoved. â€Å"There must be some other way. You read "Digital Fortress Chapter 110-114" in category "Essay examples"† â€Å"Yes,† Jabba spat, â€Å"there is! The kill-code! But the only guy who knows it happens to be dead!† â€Å"How about brute force?† Brinkerhoff blurted. â€Å"Can we guess the kill-code?† Jabba threw up his arms. â€Å"For Christ sake! Kill-codes are like encryption keys-random! Impossible to guess! If you think you can type 600 trillion entries in the next forty-five minutes, be my guest!† â€Å"The kill-code’s in Spain,† Susan offered weakly. Everyone on the podium turned. It was the first thing she had said in a long time. Susan looked up, bleary-eyed. â€Å"Tankado gave it away when he died.† Everyone looked lost. â€Å"The pass-key†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Susan shivered as she spoke. â€Å"Commander Strathmore sent someone to find it.† â€Å"And?† Jabba demanded. â€Å"Did Strathmore’s man find it?† Susan tried to fight it, but the tears began to flow. â€Å"Yes,† she choked. â€Å"I think so.† Chapter 111 An earsplitting yell cut through the control room. â€Å"Sharks!† It was Soshi. Jabba spun toward the VR. Two thin lines had appeared outside the concentric circles. They looked like sperm trying to breach a reluctant egg. â€Å"Blood’s in the water, folks!† Jabba turned back to the director. â€Å"I need a decision. Either we start shutting down, or we’ll never make it. As soon as these two intruders see the Bastion Host is down, they’ll send up a war cry.† Fontaine did not respond. He was deep in thought. Susan Fletcher’s news of the pass-key in Spain seemed promising to him. He shot a glance toward Susan in the back of the room. She appeared to be in her own world, collapsed in a chair, her head buried in her hands. Fontaine was unsure exactly what had triggered the reaction, but whatever it was, he had no time for it now. â€Å"I need a decision!† Jabba demanded. â€Å"Now!† Fontaine looked up. He spoke calmly. â€Å"Okay, you’ve got one. We are not shutting down. We’re going to wait.† Jabba’s jaw dropped. â€Å"What? But that’s-â€Å" â€Å"A gamble,† Fontaine interrupted. â€Å"A gamble we just might win.† He took Jabba’s cellular and punched a few keys. â€Å"Midge,† he said. â€Å"It’s Leland Fontaine. Listen carefully†¦.† Chapter 112 â€Å"You better know what the hell you’re doing, Director,† Jabba hissed. â€Å"We’re about to lose shut-down capability.† Fontaine did not respond. As if on cue, the door at the back of the control room opened, and Midge came dashing in. She arrived breathless at the podium. â€Å"Director! The switchboard is patching it through right now!† Fontaine turned expectantly toward the screen on the front wall. Fifteen seconds later the screen crackled to life. The image on screen was snowy and stilted at first, and gradually grew sharper. It was a QuickTime digital transmission-only five frames per second. The image revealed two men. One was pale with a buzz cut, the other a blond all-American. They were seated facing the camera like two newscasters waiting to go on the air. â€Å"What the hell is this?† Jabba demanded. â€Å"Sit tight,† Fontaine ordered. The men appeared to be inside a van of some sort. Electronic cabling hung all around them. The audio connection crackled to life. Suddenly there was background noise. â€Å"Inbound audio,† a technician called from behind them. â€Å"Five seconds till two-way.† â€Å"Who are they?† Brinkerhoff asked, uneasily. â€Å"Eye in the sky,† Fontaine replied, gazing up at the two men he had sent to Spain. It had been a necessary precaution. Fontaine had believed in almost every aspect of Strathmore’s plan-the regrettable but necessary removal of Ensei Tankado, rewriting Digital Fortress-it was all solid. But there was one thing that made Fontaine nervous: the use of Hulohot. Hulohot was skilled, but he was a mercenary. Was he trustworthy? Would he take the pass-key for himself? Fontaine wanted Hulohot covered, just incase, and he had taken the requisite measures. Chapter 113 â€Å"Absolutely not!† The man with the buzz cut yelled into the camera. â€Å"We have orders! We report to Director Leland Fontaine and Leland Fontaine only!† Fontaine looked mildly amused. â€Å"You don’t know who I am, do you?† â€Å"Doesn’t matter, does it?† the blond fired hotly. â€Å"Let me explain,† Fontaine interjected. â€Å"Let me explain something right now.† Seconds later, the two men were red-faced, spilling their guts to the director of the National Security Agency. â€Å"D-director,† the blond stammered, â€Å"I’m Agent Coliander. This is Agent Smith.† â€Å"Fine,† Fontaine said. â€Å"Just brief us.† At the back of the room, Susan Fletcher sat and fought the suffocating loneliness that pressed down around her. Eyes closed, and ears ringing, she wept. Her body had gone numb. The mayhem in the control room faded to a dull murmur. The gathering on the podium listened, restless, as Agent Smith began his briefing. â€Å"On your orders, Director,† Smith began, â€Å"we’ve been here in Seville for two days, trailing Mr. Ensei Tankado.† â€Å"Tell me about the kill,† Fontaine said impatiently. Smith nodded. â€Å"We observed from inside the van at about fifty meters. The kill was smooth. Hulohot was obviously a pro. But afterward his directive went awry. Company arrived. Hulohot never got the item.† Fontaine nodded. The agents had contacted him in South America with news that something had gone wrong, so Fontaine had cut his trip short. Coliander took over. â€Å"We stayed with Hulohot as you ordered. But he never made a move for the morgue. Instead, he picked up the trail of some other guy. Looked private. Coat and tie.† â€Å"Private?† Fontaine mused. It sounded like a Strathmore play-wisely keeping the NSA out of it. â€Å"FTP filters failing!† a technician called out. â€Å"We need the item,† Fontaine pressed. â€Å"Where is Hulohot now?† Smith looked over his shoulder. â€Å"Well†¦ he’s with us, sir.† Fontaine exhaled. â€Å"Where?† It was the best new she’d heard all day. Smith reached toward the lens to make an adjustment. The camera swept across the inside of the van to reveal two limp bodies propped against the back wall. Both were motionless. One was a large man with twisted wire-rim glasses. The other was young with a shock of dark hair and a bloody shirt. â€Å"Hulohot’s the one on the left,† Smith offered. â€Å"Hulohot’s dead?† the director demanded. â€Å"Yes, sir.† Fontaine knew there would be time for explanations later. He glanced up at the thinning shields. â€Å"Agent Smith,† he said slowly and clearly. â€Å"The item. I need it.† Smith looked sheepish. â€Å"Sir, we still have no idea what the item is. We’re on a need-to-know.† Chapter 114 â€Å"Then look again!† Fontaine declared. The director watched in dismay as the stilted image of the agents searched the two limp bodies in the van for a list of random numbers and letters. Jabba was pale. â€Å"Oh my God, they can’t find it. We’re dead!† â€Å"Losing FTP filters!† a voice yelled. â€Å"Third shield’s exposed!† There was a new flurry of activity. On the front screen, the agent with the buzz cut held out his arms in defeat. â€Å"Sir, the pass-key isn’t here. We’ve searched both men. Pockets. Clothing. Wallets. No sign at all. Hulohot was wearing a Monocle computer, and we’ve checked that too. It doesn’t look like he ever transmitted anything remotely resembling random characters-only a list of kills.† â€Å"Dammit!† Fontaine seethed, suddenly losing his cool. â€Å"It’s got to be there! Keep looking!† Jabba had apparently seen enough-Fontaine had gambled and lost. Jabba took over. The huge Sys-Sec descended from his pulpit like a storm off a mountain. He swept through his army of programmers calling out commands. â€Å"Access auxiliary kills! Start shutting it down! Do it now!† â€Å"We’ll never make it!† Soshi yelled. â€Å"We need a half hour! By the time we shut down, it will be too late!† Jabba opened his mouth to reply, but he was cut short by a scream of agony from the back of the room. Everyone turned. Like an apparition, Susan Fletcher rose from her crouched position in the rear of the chamber. Her face was white, her eyes transfixed on the freeze-frame of David Becker, motionless and bloody, propped up on the floor of the van. â€Å"You killed him!† she screamed. â€Å"You killed him!† She stumbled toward the image and reached out. â€Å"David†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Everyone looked up in confusion. Susan advanced, still calling, her eyes never leaving the projection of David’s body. â€Å"David.† She gasped, staggering forward. â€Å"Oh, David†¦ how could they-â€Å" Fontaine seemed lost. â€Å"You know this man?† Susan swayed unsteadily as she passed the podium. She stopped a few feet in front of the enormous projection and stared up, bewildered and numb, calling over and over to the man she loved. How to cite Digital Fortress Chapter 110-114, Essay examples

Physioex Answers free essay sample

Positive and Negative Controls 1. Why are there a number of washing steps in serological tests? The are a number of steps needed in order to remove any non specific binding that may have occurred. 2. Describe how you would know that you had a â€Å"false positive† result. What does this mean for the rest of your results? A positive result with a negative control indicates a â€Å"false positive† and your results are invalidated. 3. Describe how you would know that you had a â€Å"false negative† result.What does this mean for the rest of your results? A negative results with a positive control indicates a â€Å"false negative† and your results are invalidated. Direct Fluorescent Antibody Technique 4. Why is this technique a direct method? It is considered a direct method because it involves conjugation of an antibody with fluorescent dye. 5. What is an elementary body? An elementary body is an infectious particle of any of several microorganisms. We will write a custom essay sample on Physioex Answers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 6. How do elementary bodies look under the fluorescent microscope?Elementary bodies look red, no defined varied shape with a darker spot on them and some had green spots or blotches on them. 7. What do you think would happen if you did not fix the sample to the slide with 95% ethyl alcohol? Since ethyl alcohol’s function is to fix the specimen to the slide, I would say the specimen would be washed away during the preparation of the slide if ethyl alcohol was not used. 8. Which patient(s) tested positive for Chlamydia? Patient 2 patient 4 9. Was there any nonspecific binding for any of the samples?Explain. Patient 3 had just a tiny bit of green on it which made me think there was nonspecific binding because there were only two so its not negative or positive but in my opinion human error. Ouchterlony Technique 10. What is a precipitin line? A precipitin line is an insoluble precipitate formed when an antigen and antibody are cross linked. 11. What is the unknown antigen in the simulation? Since there is no reading or text for this activity I don’t understand how I am suppose to figure out what the unknown antigen is. 12.Considering your results, do you think that human serum albumin and bovine serum albumin have epitopes in common? Explain. I would say they have similar or partial epitopes in common but not exact. 13. What is the process resulting in antigen and antibody moving toward each other? One dimensional diffusion Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay 14. In the â€Å"sandwich† analogy of the direct ELISA, what is the â€Å"bread†? Antibodies What is the filling? Antigens 15. Describe some advantages of using the ELISA technique to process a large number of samples.The advantage of Sandwich ELISA is that the sample does not have to be purified before analysis, and the assay can be very sensitive. 16. Which patient(s) were positive for HIV? Patient C is HIV positive 17. Describe what would happen if you skipped the step where the developing buffer was added. The developing buffer contains the secondary antibodies that the enzyme is conjugated with and without that it wouldn’t develop right and the results would be inconclusive or â€Å"retest†Western Blotting Technique 18. The Western blot technique is used as the confirmatory test for a positive ELISA result because it provides better specificity. How does this technique provide better specificity? The Western blot provides better specificity because it detects antibodies binding to specific proteins and glycoproteins from HIV in the form of bands. 19. If a patient tests positive for HIV using the ELISA test but negative using Western blotting, what can you say about the initial ELISA result?

Physioex Answers free essay sample

Positive and Negative Controls 1. Why are there a number of washing steps in serological tests? The are a number of steps needed in order to remove any non specific binding that may have occurred. 2. Describe how you would know that you had a â€Å"false positive† result. What does this mean for the rest of your results? A positive result with a negative control indicates a â€Å"false positive† and your results are invalidated. 3. Describe how you would know that you had a â€Å"false negative† result.What does this mean for the rest of your results? A negative results with a positive control indicates a â€Å"false negative† and your results are invalidated. Direct Fluorescent Antibody Technique 4. Why is this technique a direct method? It is considered a direct method because it involves conjugation of an antibody with fluorescent dye. 5. What is an elementary body? An elementary body is an infectious particle of any of several microorganisms. We will write a custom essay sample on Physioex Answers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 6. How do elementary bodies look under the fluorescent microscope?Elementary bodies look red, no defined varied shape with a darker spot on them and some had green spots or blotches on them. 7. What do you think would happen if you did not fix the sample to the slide with 95% ethyl alcohol? Since ethyl alcohol’s function is to fix the specimen to the slide, I would say the specimen would be washed away during the preparation of the slide if ethyl alcohol was not used. 8. Which patient(s) tested positive for Chlamydia? Patient 2 patient 4 9. Was there any nonspecific binding for any of the samples?Explain. Patient 3 had just a tiny bit of green on it which made me think there was nonspecific binding because there were only two so its not negative or positive but in my opinion human error. Ouchterlony Technique 10. What is a precipitin line? A precipitin line is an insoluble precipitate formed when an antigen and antibody are cross linked. 11. What is the unknown antigen in the simulation? Since there is no reading or text for this activity I don’t understand how I am suppose to figure out what the unknown antigen is. 12.Considering your results, do you think that human serum albumin and bovine serum albumin have epitopes in common? Explain. I would say they have similar or partial epitopes in common but not exact. 13. What is the process resulting in antigen and antibody moving toward each other? One dimensional diffusion Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay 14. In the â€Å"sandwich† analogy of the direct ELISA, what is the â€Å"bread†? Antibodies What is the filling? Antigens 15. Describe some advantages of using the ELISA technique to process a large number of samples.The advantage of Sandwich ELISA is that the sample does not have to be purified before analysis, and the assay can be very sensitive. 16. Which patient(s) were positive for HIV? Patient C is HIV positive 17. Describe what would happen if you skipped the step where the developing buffer was added. The developing buffer contains the secondary antibodies that the enzyme is conjugated with and without that it wouldn’t develop right and the results would be inconclusive or â€Å"retest†Western Blotting Technique 18. The Western blot technique is used as the confirmatory test for a positive ELISA result because it provides better specificity. How does this technique provide better specificity? The Western blot provides better specificity because it detects antibodies binding to specific proteins and glycoproteins from HIV in the form of bands. 19. If a patient tests positive for HIV using the ELISA test but negative using Western blotting, what can you say about the initial ELISA result?